公路工(gong)程設計(ji)(ji)施工(gong)總承(cheng)包(bao)模(mo)(mo)式與傳(chuan)統(tong)施工(gong)承(cheng)包(bao)模(mo)(mo)式在(zai)合同(tong)管理、運作以及合同(tong)責任方面(mian)都存(cun)在(zai)很大(da)的差異(yi)性，承(cheng)包(bao)中存(cun)在(zai)的風險(xian)(xian)更大(da)。論文主要對(dui)公路工(gong)程設計(ji)(ji)施工(gong)總承(cheng)包(bao)模(mo)(mo)式的風險(xian)(xian)劃分(fen)進行分(fen)析，并提出相應的風險(xian)(xian)防控策略。

【關鍵詞】公(gong)路工程(cheng)；設計(ji)施工；總承包

1公路工程設計施工總承包模式的優勢分析

公路工(gong)(gong)(gong)程設(she)計施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)總承包(bao)(bao)是在工(gong)(gong)(gong)程可行性研(yan)究報告或(huo)者(zhe)初步設(she)計審(shen)批完成后(hou)，根(gen)據工(gong)(gong)(gong)程復雜程度以及(ji)(ji)性質(zhi)等將(jiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程設(she)計和(he)(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)任務向具有相關設(she)計與(yu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)質(zhi)的承包(bao)(bao)商進(jin)(jin)行委托(tuo)，并達到施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量、安全(quan)以及(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)要求。這(zhe)種工(gong)(gong)(gong)程承包(bao)(bao)方式在設(she)計及(ji)(ji)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中采(cai)用的都(dou)是委托(tuo)的方式，能夠保證(zheng)項目開(kai)展過(guo)程中設(she)計與(yu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)時(shi)進(jin)(jin)行，防(fang)止出現(xian)設(she)計與(yu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)脫節(jie)的問題。同(tong)時(shi)還(huan)可在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中結合(he)具體的問題，對設(she)計及(ji)(ji)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方案及(ji)(ji)時(shi)進(jin)(jin)行調整(zheng)，合(he)理掌控工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)度、質(zhi)量和(he)(he)成本(ben)。

1.1有利于投資優化

設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)與(yu)施(shi)工(gong)總承(cheng)包模式下(xia)，施(shi)工(gong)單位可(ke)(ke)以與(yu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)工(gong)作同時介入，在設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)過程中能(neng)夠充分(fen)考慮施(shi)工(gong)的可(ke)(ke)行性問題，使施(shi)工(gong)人(ren)員可(ke)(ke)以充分(fen)參與(yu)到(dao)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)工(gong)作中，有效減少(shao)由于工(gong)程變更(geng)導(dao)致的造價失控問題[1]。

1.2有利于保證(zheng)施工(gong)質量

公(gong)路設(she)計施(shi)(shi)工(gong)總承包管理(li)(li)模(mo)式(shi)下(xia)，項(xiang)目工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)、進度(du)等都需要由總承包商負責，所以在(zai)總承包管理(li)(li)模(mo)式(shi)下(xia)組織內(nei)各成員都是一種(zhong)利(li)益共同(tong)體，需要共同(tong)為(wei)保證建筑(zhu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，提升施(shi)(shi)工(gong)效率(lv)而努力。同(tong)時(shi)，由于(yu)設(she)計與(yu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)為(wei)一體化工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目，設(she)計及(ji)現場施(shi)(shi)工(gong)中更有利(li)于(yu)溝通和(he)協調，保證公(gong)路工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)樁基、邊坡、排水等情況與(yu)設(she)計工(gong)作相(xiang)符，滿(man)足建設(she)要求。此外，設(she)計施(shi)(shi)工(gong)聯(lian)合體管理(li)(li)模(mo)式(shi)能夠通過(guo)聯(lian)合體的(de)規模(mo)實現資源的(de)優化，提升工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)和(he)效率(lv)。

1.3有利(li)于保證工期

總(zong)承(cheng)包模式(shi)下，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)單位能夠(gou)更早地介入到(dao)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)作中(zhong)，為設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人員提供(gong)更全面的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)現場資料，同時施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)人員也能夠(gou)更好(hao)地理(li)解設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)意圖，不存在溝通障礙，有利于加(jia)快工(gong)程開展進(jin)度[2]。此外，公路工(gong)程設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)過程中(zhong)，設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)總(zong)承(cheng)包商會提前(qian)介入工(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)，并(bing)做好(hao)投資資源準(zhun)備工(gong)作，避(bi)免(mian)準(zhun)備不充(chong)分而延誤工(gong)期(qi)。

2公路工程設計施工總承包的風險問題

2.1業主方面(mian)的風險

業主在(zai)設計(ji)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)總(zong)承包(bao)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)方(fang)面(mian)主要可表現為以(yi)下5種類型(xing)：（1）前期準備工(gong)(gong)作不足，導(dao)致(zhi)在(zai)初(chu)(chu)步(bu)設計(ji)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)設計(ji)效果(guo)與初(chu)(chu)步(bu)勘察的(de)準確性都存在(zai)一定的(de)問題，引(yin)起風(feng)險(xian)(xian)問題；（2）承包(bao)人選擇存在(zai)一定的(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)問題；（3）在(zai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，存在(zai)一些(xie)不可預(yu)見的(de)地質(zhi)變化以(yi)及水文變化等方(fang)面(mian)的(de)問題，導(dao)致(zhi)存在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)和(he)成本控(kong)制(zhi)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)；（4）施(shi)工(gong)(gong)圖紙的(de)質(zhi)量不符合標注(zhu)要求導(dao)致(zhi)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)；（5）總(zong)承包(bao)在(zai)管理理念(nian)以(yi)及方(fang)式等方(fang)面(mian)的(de)錯誤導(dao)致(zhi)的(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)問題。

2.2承(cheng)包人方面的風險

承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)人方面的(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)包(bao)括：（1）承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)人在現場勘(kan)察過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)對現場實際勘(kan)察情(qing)況的(de)(de)調查和分(fen)析不(bu)(bu)充分(fen)，導致在生產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)容易(yi)出現投標(biao)失誤，或(huo)者(zhe)報價(jia)過(guo)低等(deng)問(wen)題；（2）對業主資料的(de)(de)了解不(bu)(bu)全(quan)面，分(fen)析不(bu)(bu)準確進而導致的(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)問(wen)題；（3）工程(cheng)項目設(she)計方面的(de)(de)責任風(feng)險(xian)問(wen)題；（4）承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)人承(cheng)(cheng)擔的(de)(de)管理風(feng)險(xian)；（5）場地中(zhong)可預(yu)見的(de)(de)條件風(feng)險(xian)；（6）承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)合同中(zhong)部分(fen)條款(kuan)審核不(bu)(bu)嚴導致的(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)。

3公路工程設計施工總承包模式風險劃分原則

公路工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)項(xiang)目開展過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)商(shang)(shang)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)傳統承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)模式來說范(fan)圍更大(da)(da)。為(wei)保(bao)證(zheng)競標價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢(shi)，承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)商(shang)(shang)需(xu)要(yao)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)更多無法(fa)預(yu)(yu)測的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)地條件(jian)等(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)。在(zai)簽訂(ding)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，雙方(fang)(fang)(fang)需(xu)要(yao)在(zai)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)簽訂(ding)前先對(dui)(dui)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)分擔(dan)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)明確。業(ye)主與承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)商(shang)(shang)間進(jin)行(xing)(xing)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)平衡分配(pei)對(dui)(dui)雙方(fang)(fang)(fang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)控制具有重要(yao)作用，具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分配(pei)原(yuan)則為(wei)：風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)能夠將風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)分配(pei)到(dao)對(dui)(dui)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)控制能力(li)最強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一方(fang)(fang)(fang)。比(bi)如(ru)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)總(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)內容包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括隧道等(deng)多項(xiang)地下構(gou)筑(zhu)物，在(zai)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)簽訂(ding)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)會(hui)(hui)將不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)預(yu)(yu)見(jian)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)劃分到(dao)業(ye)主一方(fang)(fang)(fang)，由(you)業(ye)主進(jin)行(xing)(xing)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)。因為(wei)在(zai)無法(fa)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)預(yu)(yu)估的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)(kuang)下，承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)商(shang)(shang)由(you)于對(dui)(dui)場(chang)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考察和時間限(xian)制不(bu)(bu)愿意承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)，假(jia)設在(zai)總(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，業(ye)主方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)地資料(liao)是準確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)商(shang)(shang)在(zai)報(bao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)完(wan)全根據業(ye)主提供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資料(liao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)報(bao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)，但(dan)是一旦出(chu)現(xian)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)預(yu)(yu)見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)(ti)，必(bi)(bi)然會(hui)(hui)加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)量(liang)，所(suo)以承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)商(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)報(bao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)必(bi)(bi)然會(hui)(hui)過(guo)低，甚至造成虧損，因此，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)部分不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)預(yu)(yu)測的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)需(xu)要(yao)由(you)業(ye)主承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)，否則承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)商(shang)(shang)無法(fa)報(bao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)，或者為(wei)了有效解決不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)預(yu)(yu)知(zhi)情況(kuang)(kuang)導(dao)致(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)商(shang)(shang)報(bao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)高等(deng)，也會(hui)(hui)加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)業(ye)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成本。通(tong)(tong)過(guo)以上分析可(ke)(ke)知(zhi)，在(zai)總(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)預(yu)(yu)見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)問題(ti)(ti)最合(he)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劃分方(fang)(fang)(fang)式為(wei)由(you)業(ye)主承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)，對(dui)(dui)于這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)部分工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)，可(ke)(ke)以在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)清單上通(tong)(tong)過(guo)暫定(ding)金額的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式進(jin)行(xing)(xing)列出(chu)。設計施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)總(zong)(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)如(ru)果通(tong)(tong)過(guo)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)條款滿足合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期、價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)以及(ji)功能等(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)目，招標人一般不(bu)(bu)需(xu)要(yao)遵(zun)照(zhao)傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)條款，可(ke)(ke)對(dui)(dui)條款進(jin)行(xing)(xing)修改。要(yao)想保(bao)證(zheng)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實施(shi)，需(xu)要(yao)雙方(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)簽訂(ding)前承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)認相(xiang)應條款，保(bao)證(zheng)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有效性和合(he)法(fa)性。在(zai)招投(tou)(tou)標文件(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)需(xu)要(yao)對(dui)(dui)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)商(shang)(shang)需(xu)要(yao)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)責任和風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)明確，使(shi)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)商(shang)(shang)在(zai)招投(tou)(tou)標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就明確自身(shen)必(bi)(bi)須要(yao)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)附加(jia)(jia)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)，而(er)在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)商(shang)(shang)也會(hui)(hui)出(chu)于風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考慮(lv)，提高投(tou)(tou)標價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)。

4公路工程設計施工總承包模式下風險合理劃分對策

業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項目招投標(biao)(biao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作開展前，需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各項風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)、識別和判斷，并在(zai)招投標(biao)(biao)文(wen)(wen)件中(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)以及(ji)(ji)(ji)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)商(shang)方(fang)面需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)負責的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)責任進(jin)(jin)行(xing)合理(li)劃分(fen)(fen)。通過對(dui)公路行(xing)業(ye)(ye)總承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)模式項目風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)來源分(fen)(fen)析(xi)可(ke)知，總承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)模式風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)包(bao)(bao)括設計(ji)、技(ji)(ji)(ji)術、自(zi)然、政治(zhi)、政策經濟以及(ji)(ji)(ji)一些(xie)不(bu)可(ke)抗力風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。通過對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項目建設中(zhong)(zhong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)類以及(ji)(ji)(ji)研究(jiu)對(dui)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)劃分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體方(fang)案做如下分(fen)(fen)析(xi)：1）設計(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)：初(chu)(chu)步設計(ji)不(bu)完善(shan)存(cun)在(zai)初(chu)(chu)步勘測以及(ji)(ji)(ji)概算失誤等(deng)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。施工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖(tu)紙設計(ji)不(bu)完善(shan)，比如，文(wen)(wen)件中(zhong)(zhong)存(cun)在(zai)遺漏等(deng)，需(xu)(xu)(xu)根據審查意(yi)見進(jin)(jin)行(xing)圖(tu)紙修(xiu)改(gai)，由(you)于承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)人(ren)問(wen)題(ti)導致設計(ji)更(geng)改(gai)或(huo)(huo)者增加(jia)(jia)用(yong)地范圍(wei)等(deng)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)初(chu)(chu)步設計(ji)造(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)由(you)業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)與承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)單位共同承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)；初(chu)(chu)步設計(ji)批(pi)準(zhun)外增加(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容由(you)業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)，其(qi)他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)則(ze)有承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)人(ren)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)。2）自(zi)然條(tiao)(tiao)件風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)：施工(gong)(gong)(gong)場地地質以及(ji)(ji)(ji)水文(wen)(wen)條(tiao)(tiao)件測量難度加(jia)(jia)大造(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)費(fei)用(yong)增加(jia)(jia)，這項風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)由(you)業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)。3）技(ji)(ji)(ji)術標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)變(bian)更(geng)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)：施工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)由(you)于技(ji)(ji)(ji)術標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)變(bian)更(geng)導致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。一但出現(xian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)變(bian)更(geng)，需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時向相(xiang)關部(bu)門(men)(men)提(ti)出申(shen)請(qing)，并由(you)職能部(bu)門(men)(men)對(dui)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)問(wen)題(ti)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)組織協調。變(bian)更(geng)申(shen)請(qing)部(bu)門(men)(men)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)對(dui)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)問(wen)題(ti)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)初(chu)(chu)步判斷，包(bao)(bao)括影響因素、范圍(wei)等(deng)，做好變(bian)更(geng)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)備和變(bian)更(geng)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實施策略制定。4）工(gong)(gong)(gong)期延(yan)長(chang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)：由(you)于業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)或(huo)(huo)者工(gong)(gong)(gong)程變(bian)更(geng)等(deng)導致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期延(yan)誤，風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)由(you)業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)。但是如果(guo)由(you)于承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)商(shang)造(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)延(yan)誤，則(ze)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)由(you)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)商(shang)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)。5）暫停(ting)(ting)工(gong)(gong)(gong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)：由(you)于業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)停(ting)(ting)工(gong)(gong)(gong)由(you)業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)。6）政策風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)造(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本漲落以及(ji)(ji)(ji)政治(zhi)、不(bu)可(ke)抗力風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)造(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失，由(you)業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)。

5結語

綜上，公路工程(cheng)設(she)計(ji)施工總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)模式下(xia)業(ye)主(zhu)與(yu)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)商(shang)(shang)承(cheng)(cheng)擔的風(feng)險發生改變，因此，必須(xu)要結合具體的工程(cheng)情況(kuang)，做好(hao)風(feng)險分析工作，合理(li)劃(hua)分業(ye)主(zhu)與(yu)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)商(shang)(shang)間的風(feng)險責任，保證風(feng)險劃(hua)分的合理(li)性(xing)。