農(nong)田(tian)水(shui)利工(gong)程規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)設(she)計(ji)是(shi)當(dang)前我(wo)國農(nong)業發(fa)展一(yi)項(xiang)非常重要(yao)的組(zu)成內(nei)容(rong)，也是(shi)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)我(wo)國綜合(he)競(jing)爭實力(li)的一(yi)項(xiang)重要(yao)工(gong)作內(nei)容(rong)。結合(he)當(dang)前我(wo)國農(nong)田(tian)水(shui)利工(gong)程規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)設(she)計(ji)工(gong)作的實際開展情(qing)況(kuang)，其在具體(ti)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)設(she)計(ji)過(guo)程中仍然存在一(yi)些(xie)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)，對最終農(nong)田(tian)水(shui)利工(gong)程功能的發(fa)揮(hui)造成不(bu)利影(ying)響。本文針對當(dang)前我(wo)國農(nong)田(tian)水(shui)利工(gong)程規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)設(she)計(ji)中存在的問(wen)(wen)題(ti)進行分析(xi)，并提(ti)(ti)出(chu)了相應的應對措施。

關鍵詞：農(nong)田水利工程；規劃設計；存(cun)在問題；措(cuo)施

農(nong)田(tian)水利(li)(li)工程建設是一項以發展(zhan)灌溉排水工程、改善(shan)農(nong)田(tian)水分狀況、調節地(di)區范圍內水資(zi)源利(li)(li)用效果、預防旱澇災(zai)害發生(sheng)，并最終(zhong)達(da)到促進(jin)農(nong)業生(sheng)產穩定(ding)增長為目的(de)的(de)綜(zong)合性科學技術工程類型[1]。做好農(nong)田(tian)水利(li)(li)工程的(de)規劃設計工作(zuo)，對發揮(hui)農(nong)田(tian)水利(li)(li)工程的(de)諸(zhu)多(duo)功能、確保農(nong)田(tian)水利(li)(li)工程的(de)穩定(ding)性與可(ke)靠性均(jun)有非常重要的(de)基礎作(zuo)用。

1農田水利工程規劃設計存在的問題

1.1環境勘測不到位

環境勘測(ce)是農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)水(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)規劃(hua)設(she)計(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作開展過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中一項非(fei)常重要(yao)的(de)前(qian)置(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作內容。農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)水(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)建設(she)目的(de)在于提(ti)升當前(qian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)所屬(shu)范圍(wei)(wei)內農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)作物產(chan)量，因此農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)水(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)規劃(hua)和設(she)計(ji)(ji)必須結合(he)當前(qian)所屬(shu)范圍(wei)(wei)內農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)耕種的(de)實(shi)際要(yao)求(qiu)。然而結合(he)當前(qian)我國范圍(wei)(wei)內農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)水(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)規劃(hua)設(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)實(shi)際工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作開展情況，部分(fen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)水(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在規劃(hua)設(she)計(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作開展過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)環境勘測(ce)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作成果仍然有待提(ti)升，建成的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)水(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)無法有效滿足當前(qian)范圍(wei)(wei)內的(de)生態(tai)環境與農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)需求(qiu)，導致農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)水(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)諸多(duo)功能發揮受到明顯(xian)限制。

1.2工程設(she)計不夠合理(li)

相關調查(cha)研(yan)究(jiu)結(jie)果顯示(shi)：當(dang)前我國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)多存在(zai)年限較久的(de)問題。而在(zai)以(yi)往的(de)農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)規(gui)(gui)劃設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)，由于受當(dang)時(shi)的(de)技術(shu)與理念限制，導致(zhi)農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)規(gui)(gui)劃設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)具(ju)體設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)內容中(zhong)(zhong)存在(zai)諸多缺陷，無法有效滿足當(dang)前我國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)功(gong)能需求(qiu)與發展需求(qiu)，也無法與新建(jian)的(de)農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形成(cheng)有效銜接，以(yi)進一步(bu)發揮農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)功(gong)能，對(dui)農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)整體使用效果造成(cheng)不(bu)利(li)(li)影響。直至今日，我國(guo)(guo)仍(reng)然(ran)有部分農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)規(gui)(gui)劃建(jian)設(she)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)采取一邊(bian)建(jian)設(she)、一邊(bian)規(gui)(gui)劃的(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)模式，對(dui)農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)功(gong)能發揮和(he)最(zui)終質量造成(cheng)不(bu)利(li)(li)影響[2]。

1.3監(jian)管維護工作(zuo)存在的問題

由(you)于(yu)當前我國(guo)許(xu)多(duo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)建設(she)(she)時(shi)間處于(yu)20世紀50年(nian)代，其在(zai)具體規(gui)劃、設(she)(she)計與建設(she)(she)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)所使用的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)(she)施設(she)(she)備(bei)等與當前技術發(fa)展存(cun)在(zai)一定的(de)脫(tuo)節，且部分老(lao)舊的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)由(you)于(yu)使用時(shi)間較久，其本身設(she)(she)施設(she)(she)備(bei)等均存(cun)在(zai)較為嚴重的(de)磨損情(qing)(qing)況，對農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)各項(xiang)功(gong)(gong)效發(fa)揮造成(cheng)不利影響。因此，農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)(she)施缺乏更新換代，也已(yi)經成(cheng)為當前我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)發(fa)展過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)一個必須面對的(de)重要問題(ti)。同(tong)時(shi)，結合(he)當前我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)規(gui)劃設(she)(she)計工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)實際開展情(qing)(qing)況來看，在(zai)具體規(gui)劃設(she)(she)計過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)設(she)(she)計人員對農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)涉(she)及的(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)、設(she)(she)施等均缺乏全面有效、科學合(he)理(li)的(de)規(gui)劃與設(she)(she)計，導致農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建成(cheng)使用過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)存(cun)在(zai)使用效率較低、功(gong)(gong)能發(fa)揮受限等諸多(duo)問題(ti)，對于(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)長(chang)遠發(fa)展造成(cheng)不利影響。

2應對措施

2.1明確農田水利工程(cheng)規(gui)劃的(de)目的(de)性

設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)人員(yuan)在農田(tian)(tian)水利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)規劃設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中首(shou)要(yao)之(zhi)處在于(yu)了解當前農田(tian)(tian)水利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)建設(she)(she)(she)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)，按照相(xiang)(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)建設(she)(she)(she)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)結合(he)當前農田(tian)(tian)水利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)所屬范圍內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)實際環(huan)境情況進(jin)行(xing)(xing)科學合(he)理的(de)(de)(de)規劃與(yu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)。在此過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)部門(men)必須要(yao)明確當前農田(tian)(tian)水利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)核心目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)以及使用過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中應當具備的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)項功能。設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)人員(yuan)應當與(yu)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)部門(men)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)積極交流，依照相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)部門(men)頒(ban)布實施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)項政策完成農田(tian)(tian)水利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)規劃與(yu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)工(gong)作[3]。

2.2提升農田(tian)水利工(gong)程設計的(de)實踐(jian)性

設(she)計人(ren)員在農(nong)(nong)田(tian)水(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃設(she)計工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)開展過程(cheng)中(zhong)，必(bi)須要(yao)對當(dang)前農(nong)(nong)田(tian)水(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)所屬范(fan)圍內的(de)(de)自然環境、農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)生長環境、生態環境、水(shui)利(li)(li)(li)環境等(deng)多項內容(rong)(rong)進行(xing)科學合理(li)的(de)(de)勘測，以勘測結果(guo)為基礎(chu)做好(hao)農(nong)(nong)田(tian)水(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃設(she)計方案，確(que)保農(nong)(nong)田(tian)水(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃設(she)計方案具有可行(xing)性(xing)(xing)、實(shi)踐性(xing)(xing)與合理(li)性(xing)(xing)。在農(nong)(nong)田(tian)水(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃設(she)計過程(cheng)中(zhong)，設(she)計人(ren)員務必(bi)要(yao)確(que)保農(nong)(nong)田(tian)水(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)設(she)計質量符合具體(ti)的(de)(de)設(she)計要(yao)求(qiu)，確(que)保農(nong)(nong)田(tian)水(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)設(she)計內容(rong)(rong)符合具體(ti)的(de)(de)設(she)計需求(qiu)[4]。

2.3做好農田(tian)水利工程的各項準備工作

工(gong)(gong)作人員在農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)規(gui)劃設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)與建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)開展的過程(cheng)(cheng)中要規(gui)避以(yi)往一(yi)(yi)邊(bian)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)、一(yi)(yi)邊(bian)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)的錯誤方式(shi)。先做好當前農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的規(gui)劃設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)方案，提交審核并確定合格后，再(zai)制定相應(ying)的農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)劃，而后依照建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)劃的具體內容和流程(cheng)(cheng)完成農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)與檢驗。設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)人員在此過程(cheng)(cheng)中應(ying)當協助相關部(bu)門做好農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的各項準備工(gong)(gong)作，為農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的順利建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)提供全面有(you)效(xiao)的保(bao)障。

3結束語

農田水(shui)利(li)工程(cheng)的(de)規(gui)劃設計對于促(cu)進我國(guo)農業(ye)穩定(ding)發展具(ju)有非常重(zhong)要的(de)意義。同時，農田水(shui)利(li)工程(cheng)的(de)規(gui)劃設計是(shi)一項(xiang)非常復(fu)雜(za)的(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)內容，設計人員在(zai)農田水(shui)利(li)工程(cheng)規(gui)劃設計的(de)過程(cheng)中務必要結合實(shi)際(ji)，明確目標，協助相關部門做好(hao)各項(xiang)準備工作(zuo)(zuo)。