近年來，工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數量(liang)不斷(duan)(duan)增加，建(jian)(jian)設(she)規模也不斷(duan)(duan)擴(kuo)大(da)(da)，為了(le)保證(zheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)收益，工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成本(ben)控制(zhi)變(bian)得愈加重(zhong)要。通(tong)過工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成本(ben)控制(zhi)，能夠很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)將(jiang)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)成本(ben)控制(zhi)在合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei)之內(nei)，最大(da)(da)限度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保證(zheng)企業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)效(xiao)益，對工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)行(xing)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展也有很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幫助(zhu)和促進作用(yong)。本(ben)文將(jiang)會就工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)造價管理問題進行(xing)具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分析論述，希(xi)望本(ben)文的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)論述能夠給相(xiang)關領域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展有一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幫助(zhu)和參考。

【關鍵(jian)詞】工(gong)程項(xiang)目;工(gong)程造價;問題;管理;措(cuo)施;成(cheng)本

建筑項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)工期(qi)相對(dui)較長、規模大(da)、資金消耗多，以上特征對(dui)造價管(guan)理(li)工作提(ti)出較高的(de)要求(qiu)。管(guan)理(li)者應掌握項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)管(guan)理(li)重(zhong)點(dian)，從各(ge)個(ge)管(guan)理(li)流(liu)程逐(zhu)一進行，實施(shi)管(guan)理(li)措施(shi)，科學控制造價，保證項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)順利建設。

1、建(jian)筑(zhu)項目造價管理方法

建筑項目(mu)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)周期長，存在多種不確定因素(su)，可能對造(zao)(zao)價(jia)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)不利影響(xiang)，導致項目(mu)成本消耗過(guo)(guo)高。造(zao)(zao)價(jia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)能夠(gou)保(bao)(bao)證工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量，從項目(mu)實施(shi)各個流程(cheng)入手，不斷優化造(zao)(zao)價(jia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)措施(shi)，保(bao)(bao)證造(zao)(zao)價(jia)處于合理(li)(li)(li)(li)范圍，獲取較高的(de)效(xiao)益。實際上造(zao)(zao)價(jia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)為(wei)動(dong)態過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)，在工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)的(de)整個階段都涉及到此項工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。為(wei)保(bao)(bao)證管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)效(xiao)果，應構(gou)建完善的(de)造(zao)(zao)價(jia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)體系，確保(bao)(bao)對全程(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價(jia)展開動(dong)態監控(kong)。具(ju)體管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)，相關(guan)人員可使(shi)用限額設(she)計，不斷優化設(she)計方案;使(shi)用概算、估算等(deng)計算方式，計算出施(shi)工(gong)(gong)成本，進而對其進行合理(li)(li)(li)(li)約束;產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)變更(geng)時(shi)，及時(shi)調整預算目(mu)標;分別從技術(shu)、合同等(deng)方面(mian)控(kong)制(zhi)項目(mu)實施(shi)整個過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)。

2、工(gong)程項目造價管理(li)存在的主要(yao)問題

2.1工程(cheng)項目建設環節的協(xie)調問(wen)題

工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)都需要進(jin)行造價(jia)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)和(he)(he)實(shi)際(ji)管(guan)(guan)理(li)，項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)每一個環節(jie)和(he)(he)階段都離不開(kai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造價(jia)管(guan)(guan)理(li)。但是就(jiu)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)情況來(lai)看，我國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造價(jia)管(guan)(guan)理(li)與建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)環節(jie)之(zhi)間并不協(xie)(xie)調，存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)著很多(duo)不協(xie)(xie)調的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方，導致(zhi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)造價(jia)管(guan)(guan)理(li)與項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環節(jie)之(zhi)間存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)著脫(tuo)節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，無(wu)法(fa)保證工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)造價(jia)管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效性(xing)，項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成本(ben)很難(nan)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)圍(wei)內。在(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，成本(ben)管(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)(gong)作存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)著一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)滯后性(xing)，導致(zhi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成本(ben)管(guan)(guan)理(li)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)與無(wu)法(fa)滿足實(shi)際(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)管(guan)(guan)理(li)要求，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)成本(ben)最終超出預期。另外，在(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造價(jia)管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，還存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)著各個建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)環節(jie)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)溝(gou)通也存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)著嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，不同建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)環節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，缺乏及時的(de)(de)(de)(de)溝(gou)通了解，導致(zhi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中出現沖突(tu)，影(ying)響工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)施工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)順(shun)利開(kai)展，不僅無(wu)法(fa)保證工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成本(ben)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)實(shi)現，反而因(yin)為(wei)管(guan)(guan)理(li)沖突(tu)影(ying)響工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)順(shun)利建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，導致(zhi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)成本(ben)增加。

2.2施工建(jian)設與管理人員的素質(zhi)問題(ti)

工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數量(liang)(liang)和規模不(bu)斷擴大，為(wei)了保(bao)(bao)證工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順利建設(she)(she)，工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建設(she)(she)隊(dui)(dui)伍(wu)不(bu)得不(bu)進行(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擴編，因(yin)為(wei)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)(she)施工(gong)隊(dui)(dui)伍(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)體系還(huan)不(bu)完(wan)善，導致工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建設(she)(she)以及工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造價(jia)管(guan)理(li)隊(dui)(dui)伍(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員素質(zhi)偏低，直接(jie)影響著工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建設(she)(she)成本管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效果(guo)實現。工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建設(she)(she)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，建設(she)(she)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)素質(zhi)能力(li)不(bu)夠(gou)，會直接(jie)影響到工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)(she)成本控制，加上工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造價(jia)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專業能力(li)不(bu)夠(gou)，導致很多工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)造價(jia)管(guan)理(li)最終成為(wei)一(yi)種形(xing)式(shi)。雖然近(jin)年來一(yi)直在倡(chang)導工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建設(she)(she)管(guan)理(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)素質(zhi)建設(she)(she)，并且成立了專門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造價(jia)管(guan)理(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員培訓機構，但是(shi)這些工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造價(jia)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才數量(liang)(liang)供(gong)應還(huan)無法滿足現實管(guan)理(li)工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際需要，隊(dui)(dui)伍(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)體素質(zhi)并沒有得到很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改善，導致在工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建設(she)(she)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)依舊很難保(bao)(bao)證對施工(gong)預(yu)算的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有效控制。

2.3對工程項目成本控制的(de)認識問題

目(mu)前，在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)方面(mian)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的負(fu)責人(ren)在(zai)(zai)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)和(he)管(guan)理方面(mian)的認識存在(zai)(zai)不(bu)足(zu)，只重(zhong)視工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的質量實(shi)現，完全忽視工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的作用，給工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)了很大的困難，導致(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)嚴(yan)重(zhong)超出實(shi)際預(yu)算(suan)，給建(jian)(jian)設(she)企業造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)了巨大的經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)損(sun)失。因為對成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的認識不(bu)足(zu)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，材料浪(lang)費的現象十分(fen)普(pu)遍，而(er)且(qie)建(jian)(jian)設(she)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)數遠遠超出實(shi)際需要，人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)的浪(lang)費現象也十分(fen)嚴(yan)重(zhong)，導致(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的造(zao)(zao)價管(guan)理形(xing)式(shi)化(hua)，無法保(bao)證(zheng)將建(jian)(jian)設(she)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)合理的范(fan)圍內(nei)，不(bu)利(li)于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)效益(yi)實(shi)現。

3、建(jian)筑工程項(xiang)目造(zao)價(jia)管理主要措(cuo)施

3.1關注設計(ji)造價管理

項(xiang)目(mu)設(she)計(ji)(ji)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)造(zao)(zao)價管理(li)(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)容易(yi)忽(hu)略的(de)(de)(de)部分。研究表明，建(jian)筑工程(cheng)設(she)計(ji)(ji)成本(ben)為總(zong)(zong)體(ti)成本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)1%，雖(sui)然占據比例(li)較(jiao)小，但是(shi)(shi)其產生的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)程(cheng)度可高(gao)達項(xiang)目(mu)總(zong)(zong)體(ti)成本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)75%左右。通過以(yi)(yi)(yi)上數據可以(yi)(yi)(yi)看(kan)出(chu)，關注(zhu)設(she)計(ji)(ji)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)造(zao)(zao)價管理(li)(li)(li)非常重要(yao)。此階(jie)(jie)段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li)(li)重點為項(xiang)目(mu)投資(zi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)合理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)，對(dui)項(xiang)目(mu)成本(ben)進行控制，防止施工階(jie)(jie)段(duan)出(chu)現(xian)不合理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)問題，延誤工期，增加管理(li)(li)(li)費用(yong)、施工費用(yong)等。嚴重時還會出(chu)現(xian)返工，影響(xiang)項(xiang)目(mu)質量和造(zao)(zao)價。項(xiang)目(mu)設(she)計(ji)(ji)者應具備高(gao)度的(de)(de)(de)造(zao)(zao)價意識，保證建(jian)筑項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)符合國(guo)家(jia)規范(fan)要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)下，合理(li)(li)(li)選(xuan)擇先進的(de)(de)(de)施工技術，整合各(ge)項(xiang)設(she)計(ji)(ji)資(zi)源(yuan)，設(she)計(ji)(ji)出(chu)合理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑結構。

3.2全生命周期的動(dong)態(tai)管(guan)理(li)

在(zai)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)全過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)管理(li)中，由(you)于(yu)影響(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)的(de)(de)因(yin)素較(jiao)多，包含(han)了(le)內部(bu)因(yin)素與(yu)外(wai)部(bu)因(yin)素、可控因(yin)素與(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可控因(yin)素等，有(you)些(xie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)穩定因(yin)素的(de)(de)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅加(jia)劇了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)管理(li)的(de)(de)難度，還會使得工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實際的(de)(de)偏差較(jiao)大。具體(ti)來(lai)說，如果在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目建(jian)設前期對于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)勘察(cha)不(bu)(bu)(bu)到位，就會使得工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設中會受到施工(gong)(gong)(gong)現場(chang)地質、水文(wen)、環(huan)境(jing)等的(de)(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)，導(dao)致(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)成本(ben)增加(jia)。另外(wai)，建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設中的(de)(de)一些(xie)政(zheng)策性因(yin)素與(yu)市場(chang)性因(yin)素也會導(dao)致(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)資成本(ben)的(de)(de)變(bian)化等，最終使得工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)管理(li)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)諸多的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)。

3.3加(jia)強工(gong)作人員素質建設(she)

任何工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)和管(guan)理(li)(li)都(dou)離不開(kai)人的(de)(de)作(zuo)用發揮，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價管(guan)理(li)(li)亦是如此(ci)，要(yao)(yao)想保(bao)證工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價控制的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量和效(xiao)果(guo)實(shi)現，就必須(xu)要(yao)(yao)重視相(xiang)關工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人員的(de)(de)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)。首先，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)需要(yao)(yao)大量的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)人員，建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)人員的(de)(de)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)能力直(zhi)接(jie)影響著(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)支出，因此(ci)，要(yao)(yao)想將建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)控制在合理(li)(li)的(de)(de)范圍內，必須(xu)要(yao)(yao)加強建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)人員的(de)(de)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)提(ti)升，從根源(yuan)上減低建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben);其次(ci)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)必然離不開(kai)專業(ye)的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)人員，為了成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)控制管(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量提(ti)升，需要(yao)(yao)不斷強化工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價管(guan)理(li)(li)人員的(de)(de)專業(ye)水平，做(zuo)好管(guan)理(li)(li)人員的(de)(de)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)培養，通過管(guan)理(li)(li)隊(dui)伍的(de)(de)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)提(ti)升保(bao)證工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)經濟效(xiao)益實(shi)現。

3.4竣工結算環節(jie)的(de)造價控(kong)制

結(jie)算環節(jie)的(de)造價管(guan)理(li)(li)是最終管(guan)理(li)(li)環節(jie)。建設(she)單位應(ying)(ying)使用規(gui)范的(de)流(liu)程，保證管(guan)理(li)(li)效果。此(ci)階(jie)段需要(yao)設(she)計人員結(jie)合(he)(he)施工情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)，掌握(wo)施工過(guo)程存在的(de)各項(xiang)變更，明確工量增減(jian)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)，把握(wo)審(shen)(shen)計重點。工程款的(de)審(shen)(shen)計結(jie)算關系著施工企業利益，同時是造價管(guan)理(li)(li)價值(zhi)的(de)最終體現(xian)。審(shen)(shen)計師應(ying)(ying)結(jie)合(he)(he)施工現(xian)場的(de)實際情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)，科學(xue)選(xuan)擇定(ding)額(e)(e)，結(jie)合(he)(he)國家(jia)相關規(gui)定(ding)確定(ding)取費標準(zhun)。按(an)照(zhao)施工隊(dui)上(shang)報的(de)送(song)(song)審(shen)(shen)額(e)(e)，審(shen)(shen)計確定(ding)審(shen)(shen)定(ding)額(e)(e)，按(an)照(zhao)公式（送(song)(song)審(shen)(shen)額(e)(e)-審(shen)(shen)定(ding)額(e)(e)）/送(song)(song)審(shen)(shen)額(e)(e)×100%計算出“審(shen)(shen)減(jian)率”。

結語：

如(ru)今，社(she)會發展(zhan)和(he)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)腳步(bu)不斷加(jia)快，為了更好(hao)的(de)保(bao)證工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)經濟效(xiao)益實現(xian)，促進(jin)工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)行業的(de)良(liang)好(hao)發展(zhan)，需要我(wo)們提高對工(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)價的(de)重視(shi)程(cheng)度(du)，不斷加(jia)強(qiang)管(guan)理人員的(de)素質(zhi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)，并結合(he)工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)發展(zhan)進(jin)行管(guan)理模式和(he)手(shou)段的(de)創新等，提升工(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)價的(de)管(guan)理質(zhi)量，保(bao)證工(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)效(xiao)益良(liang)好(hao)實現(xian)。